Seladon Yeşil Seramik / What is Korean celadon?

**yalnizs** · 10-19-2010, 06:27 PM

Kore Seladonu nedir?

Seladon Batı tarafından Kore seramiğine verilen isimdir, yeşil anlamına gelir Korece Cheong-jadır.

Koryo hanedanı zamanında (MS 918-1392), güçlü Budist etkisi ile kültür şekillenmiştir. Çoğalan Budist tapınakları nedeniyle törenlerde kullanılan kaplara da ihtiyaç artmıştır. 10uncu yüzyılın ortalarında birçoğu Çinde eğitim almış olan Kore sanatçıları işlemeler ile ve bakırla sırlayarak (cila)seladon üretmeye başladılar. Bu teknikler ilk olarak Çinde bulunmuş ve kullanılmış olmasına karşın Koreli sanatçılar tarfından geliştirilmiş ve mükemmelleştirilmiştir. Bu tekniklerin Koredeki uygulamaları seramik tarihinde tektir. Yüksek estetik ve kalitelerinden dolayı Koryo hanedanı sarayının günlük yaşamı ve sanat objesi olarak kullanılmış, dış ülkelerde özellikle Çinde bile saraylarda yer bulmuştur.

11inci yüzyılda Moğol istilası ile birlikte yavaşlayan seladon üretimi, Çosun hanedanı ile son kaybolmuştur.

Seladon sembollerinin anlamları:

daire: güneş
balık: üstün kavrayış
lotus: güneş ve Budanın merhameti
şakayık: zenginlik ve onur
ördek: üst sınıf
krizantem (kasımpatı): sağlık
turna: ölümsüzlük
çam ağacı: güvenilirlik ve doğruluk

Yapılışı:

Kore seladonunu yapımı en az 10 aşama içeren zahmetli ve uzun bir süreçtir. İlk olarak kil çıkartılır, Korede nehir yataklarında her tip porselen için ayrı çeşit kil çıkarılan onlarca kil alanı bulunur. Genelde mükemmel bir üretim için birçok çeşit kilin karışımı gereklidir.
Şekillendirme ve fırınlama sonraki aşamalardır hepsi el ile yapılır. Sonrasında kakma parçaları kazınır, düz bölümler bırakılır. Boyama işlemleri yapılır. Fırınlama geleneksel fırınlarda yapılır. Sırlanır ve son fırınlama işlemi yapılır.

English

Though the term "celadon" is somewhat misleading in that it means green, it has become widely accepted as the Western term for the Korean pottery, called Cheong-ja in Korean, with the distinctive jade-green color. The History of Korean Celadon
The Koryo Dynasty, which lasted from 918 to 1392 AD had a strong Buddhist influence which shaped many of it's cultural achievements. Buddhist temples flourished during the Koryo period, and with them grew a need for fine vessels to be used during the many ritual ceremonies. In the middle of the 10th century Korean artists, some who had been schooled in China, began creating celadon by using inlay and copper glazing techniques which were developed first in China but only fully developed and perfected by Korean artisans. The Korean use of these techniques were unique in the history of pottery. The level of fine quality and beauty they were able to achieve in their work surpassed that of other countries and came to be revered by even the Chinese for it's elegant, yet simple beauty. The Koryo Royal Court also used some of the finest examples of celadon pottery in their palaces both as vessels for daily use and as objects of fine art.

The finest examples of celadon were produced during the middle and latter part of the 11th century by artisans who remain unknown today. With the Mongol Invasions which started in 1231 AD the flourishing culture began to decline, and along with it, the quality of the pottery being produced. By the beginning of the Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910) most of the delicate manufacturing techniques for celadon had been lost.

Meaning of Design in Korean Celadon
Symbols
Both the designs and shapes used in Koryo celadon were representations of the spiritual beliefs of the Korean people. These beliefs were fostered by Shamanism, and the Buddhist beliefs of the era. Following are the symbols most commonly used on inlaid celadon and their meanings.

Circle: The circle represents the Sun and worship for the Sun. Fish: The fish represents a superior realization.
Lotus: The lotus stands for the Sun and mercy of Buddha Tiger: The tiger design symbolizes a guardian, and charm.
Peony: The peony depicts richness and honors. Dragon: The dragon stands for the all mighty.
Duck: The duck symbolizes the Premiere ranking. Chrysanthemum: The chrysanthemum symbolizes health and well being.
Crane: The crane represents Immortality Pine Tree: The pine tree depicts royalty and fidelity.

The Making of Korean Celadon

The manufacturing process of Korean celadon is a long affair involving at least 10 steps. The first step is to gather the clay; there are several regions in Korea where the special clays used in each type of pottery are gathered from river banks. Each area's clay is said to possess certain qualities essential to the production of fine pottery. Frequently the different clays are mixed to obtain the perfect blend, after which it is prepared for throwing.

Forming and molding are the next steps and are all done by hand unlike ceramic ware which is made in molds.

Next the inlaid pieces are engraved and inscribed while the plain shapes are not. The inscribed portions are then filled, or in the case of painted works the paint in then applied.

All pieces are then fired. The traditional hand hewn kilns were built on a hill and had a series of small chambers all connected to the main hearth at the base.

The works are then glazed and given their final firing.

kaynak:http://www.korean-arts.com/about_korean_celadon.htm#What is Korean celadon?
çeviri: yalnizs tarafından Koreanturk için çevirilmiştir, izinsiz kullanılamaz.